Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan itibaren Mescid-i Nebevi sadece bir ibadet yeri olmaktan ziyade toplum i\u00e7in bir merkez olmu\u015ftur. Peygamber (s.a.v.) ve ashab\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ilk in\u015faat bunu g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, daha sonraki nesiller taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yenilemeler de bunu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Tarihsel Ba\u011flam<\/h2>\n
Mekkelilerin elinde uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcren zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fu, Hicri 1. y\u0131lda (Miladi 622), daha \u00f6nce Yesrib olarak bilinen Medine’ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Medine’nin en \u00f6nde gelen iki kabilesi olan Ben\u00ee Evs ve Ben\u00ee Hazrec, Peygamber’e (s.a.v.) verdikleri destekte birle\u015ftiler ve Muhacirun (Arap\u00e7a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646; “Muhacirler”) olarak bilinen g\u00f6\u00e7men M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 kollar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arak kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. Medine’nin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sakinleri, Ensar (Arap\u00e7a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631; “Yard\u0131m Edenler”) olarak bilinmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ki\u015filere, Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan Medine’ye el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderilen Mus’ab bin Umeyr (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan \u0130slam’\u0131n ilkeleri \u00f6\u011fretildi.<\/p>\n
Peygamber (s.a.v.) ve en yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Hz. Ebu Bekir, Medine’ye Hicret eden son topluluk aras\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n nurlu \u015fehre var\u0131\u015flar\u0131 yeni bir d\u00f6nemi i\u015faret ediyordu. Hicret ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130slami takvimin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mekkeli arama ekiplerinden ka\u00e7t\u0131ktan ve birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca Sevr ma\u011faras\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) ve sevgili arkada\u015f\u0131 Hz. Ebu Bekir (s.a.v.) sekiz g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir yolculuktan sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 mil (320 km) katederek Medine s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131lar. Var\u0131\u015flar\u0131, 53. do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fcne denk gelen 12 Rebi\u00fclevvel Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Peygamber Medine’ye girmeden \u00f6nce Ben\u00ee Amr bin Avf kabilesi aras\u0131nda Kuba<\/a> denilen yerde konaklad\u0131 ve orada ilk mescidi in\u015fa etti. Kuba’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn kald\u0131ktan sonra, Peygamber (s.a.v.) ve Hz. Ebu Bekir hicretlerine devam ederek Ranuna vadisinde durdular ve burada ilk Cuma<\/a> namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Peygamber (s.a.v.) nihayet \u015fehre girdi\u011finde, sab\u0131rla ve hevesle onun geli\u015fini bekleyen sevin\u00e7li M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. Ona olan sevgileri o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc ki,her M\u00fcsl\u00fcman aile onun kendileriyle kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyordu. Medine’nin g\u00fcneyine do\u011fru ilerlerken, \u015fehir sakinleri onu yanlar\u0131nda kalmaya ikna edebilecekleri umuduyla di\u015fi devesi Kasva’n\u0131n yular\u0131n\u0131 tutarlard\u0131. Ancak Peygamber (s.a.v.) nazik\u00e7e reddetti ve g\u00fccendirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya dikkat ederek devenin karar vermesine izin vermelerini s\u00f6yledi. \u015eunlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n Onu kendi haline b\u0131rak\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o Allah’\u0131n emri alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n Kasva, durana kadar devam etti ve Es’ad ibn Zurare’nin (r.a.) himayesi alt\u0131ndaki iki gen\u00e7 yetim karde\u015f Sehl ve S\u00fcheyl’e (r.a.) ait duvarlarla \u00e7evrili b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avluda diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Bu iki \u00e7ocuk Nafia ibn \u00d6mer ibn Talebe el-Neccar’\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ben\u00ee Necc\u00e2r\u00a0kabilesine ait olan bu alan k\u0131smen hurma toplamak i\u00e7in temizlenmi\u015f olsa da, \u015fim\u015fir \u00e7al\u0131lar\u0131, palmiye a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve bir bina kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Ayr\u0131ca bir u\u00e7ta \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir mezarl\u0131k alan\u0131 vard\u0131. Ancak Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v.) buran\u0131n mescidi ve evi i\u00e7in ideal bir yer oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u00c7ocuklar, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklara ra\u011fmen, Peygamber’e olan sevgilerinden dolay\u0131 araziyi ona hediye etmeyi teklif ettiler. Yine de, velileriyle konu\u015ftuktan sonra Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Ebu Bekir S\u0131dd\u0131k (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine 10 dinar verildi.<\/p>\n Araziyi sat\u0131n ald\u0131ktan sonra Peygamber (s.a.v.) mezarlar\u0131n kaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n temizlenmesini ve bir cami in\u015fa edilmesini emretti. Bu i\u015flem ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve arazi tesviye edilerek in\u015faat i\u00e7in uygun hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Cami, daha sonra dini ve sosyal toplant\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 Medine toplumunun merkezi haline gelecekti.<\/p>\n Enes bin Malik anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee<\/b>‘nin in\u015fa edildi\u011fi yer Ben\u00ee Necc\u00e2r’a aitti. \u0130\u00e7inde hurma a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve putperestlerin mezarlar\u0131 vard\u0131. Peygamberimiz onlara \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: “Fiyat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyin.” Onlar \u015f\u00f6yle dediler: “Bunu asla para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmayaca\u011f\u0131z.” Hz. Peygamber onu in\u015fa ederken onlara yard\u0131m ediyorlard\u0131 ve Peygamber \ufdfa \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: “Ger\u00e7ek hayat, Ahiret hayat\u0131d\u0131r, bu y\u00fczden Ensar ve Muhacirleri ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131n.” Cami in\u015fa edilmeden \u00f6nce, Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) namaz vakti geldi\u011finde nerede olursa olsun namaz k\u0131lard\u0131. Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck sahabi Eyy\u00fcb el-Ensari’nin evinde kald\u0131. Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin biti\u015fi\u011findeki kendi evi in\u015fa edilene kadar zemin katta ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin ilk in\u015fas\u0131na Hicri 1 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Rebi\u00fclevvel ay\u0131nda (Miladi 622) ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, temellerinin at\u0131lmas\u0131nda ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde bizzat Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v.) de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Babas\u0131 Abdullah’tan (r.a.) miras kalan bir m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n ucunu kullanarak alan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faretledi.<\/p>\n Ikrima (r.a.) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n Peygamber’in mescidinin in\u015fas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, biz mescidin \u00e7amurunu her seferinde bir tu\u011fla ta\u015f\u0131rken, Ammar (r.a.) her seferinde iki tu\u011fla ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Peygamber Ammar’\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti, ba\u015f\u0131ndaki tozu ald\u0131 ve ‘Allah Ammar’a merhamet etsin’ dedi. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k yedi ila sekiz ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve ertesi y\u0131l Safer ay\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mescit ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 metre ve kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 35 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde dikd\u00f6rtgen bir yap\u0131yd\u0131. Toplam alan\u0131 1.050 metrekareydi. Pi\u015fmemi\u015f tu\u011flalar, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki y\u0131\u011fma bir temelin \u00fczerinde yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Duvarlar i\u00e7in \u00e7amur ve s\u00fctun olarak hurma a\u011fac\u0131 g\u00f6vdeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mescidin \u00f6n taraf\u0131na do\u011fru, d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kille birbirine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f palmiye a\u011fac\u0131 dallar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7at\u0131l\u0131 bir alan vard\u0131. Ya\u011fmur mevsimi boyunca drenaj\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hafif e\u011fimliydi. \u00c7at\u0131 kuzey duvar\u0131na biti\u015fikti ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,6 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeydi. Avlunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n O s\u0131rada k\u0131ble (namaz y\u00f6n\u00fc) kuzeyde Kud\u00fcs’e do\u011fruydu ve 18 ay boyunca bu y\u00f6nde kald\u0131. Namaz y\u00f6n\u00fc daha sonra kuzeyden g\u00fcneye, K\u00e2be y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve orijinal mihrap (namaz ni\u015fi) bir kap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. K\u0131ble de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bir zamanlar Ben\u00ee Seleme a\u015firetinin ikamet etti\u011fi ve bug\u00fcn Mescid-i K\u0131bleteyn<\/a>‘in bulundu\u011fu yerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’ye biti\u015fikti ve yoksul M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan olu\u015fan bir grup olan Ehl-i Suffe’nin ikamet etmesi i\u00e7in bir alan vard\u0131. Buras\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta caminin g\u00fcney taraf\u0131ndayd\u0131 ancak k\u0131blenin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinden sonra kuzey ucuna nakledildi.<\/p>\n Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta caminin sadece \u00fc\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131:<\/p>\n Peygamber (s.a.v.) ayr\u0131ca e\u015fleri Hz. Ay\u015fe ve Hz. Sevde i\u00e7in mescidin do\u011fu ucuna \u00f6zel ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 (hucarat) in\u015fa etmi\u015f, daha sonra ev halk\u0131 geni\u015fledik\u00e7e bu odalar da geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hayber Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v.) mescidi geni\u015fletmesine olanak tan\u0131yan bir fon ald\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131, ibadet eden daha fazla say\u0131da ki\u015fiyi a\u011f\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in caminin alan\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n O zamana kadar cami sadece farz namazlar\u0131n k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yer de\u011fildi. Buras\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda e\u011fitimin verildi\u011fi, siyasetin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, heyetlerin kabul edildi\u011fi ve ihtiya\u00e7 sahiplerinin a\u011f\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yerdi.<\/p>\n Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) damad\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc halife olan, zenginli\u011fi ve \u0130slam yolunda c\u00f6mert\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan Osman ibn Affan (r.a.), Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) izniyle Ensar’dan birinden Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin yan\u0131nda bir arazi sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Bu arazi daha sonra caminin alan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Caminin toplam alan\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2200 metrekareye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,6 metreye y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. Mescit kuzeye, do\u011fuya ve bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve her bir kenar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 47 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek mescit neredeyse kare haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 duvar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 metre derinli\u011finde \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ra s\u00fctun eklenmi\u015ftir. onu\u00e7 olarak, bu alan ibadet i\u00e7in ana alan haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) iste\u011fi \u00fczerine sahabe Tem\u00eem ed-D\u00e2r\u00ee (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan Ilg\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen bir minber de sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Minberin iki basama\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131 ve Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) ashab\u0131na hitap edebilece\u011fi bir oturma yeri sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bundan \u00f6nce, Peygamber Sahabe ile konu\u015furken bir a\u011fa\u00e7 g\u00f6vdesine yaslan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu noktada, namaz y\u00f6n\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f ve Ehl-i Suffe’nin ya\u015fam alan\u0131 mescidin arka taraf\u0131na (kuzey taraf\u0131na) ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Hicri 11-13 (Miladi 632-634) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00f6netimde olan Ebubekir S\u0131dd\u0131k’\u0131n (r.a.) halifeli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde mescitte \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k halifeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f palmiye s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 onard\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n Cami, Hz. \u00d6mer’in (r.a.) halifeli\u011fine kadar 11 y\u0131l boyunca bu \u015fekilde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Hicri 13-24 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda (Miladi 634-644), Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) halifeli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130slam fetihlerinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumunun n\u00fcfusu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131. Bu n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alan Halife, camiyi daha da geni\u015fletme karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu ama\u00e7la hicri 17 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Miladi 639), caminin \u00e7evresinde bulunan baz\u0131 evleri sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Ancak, Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) e\u015flerine ait evlere dokunulmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Geni\u015fletme kapsam\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki eklemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n Mescit art\u0131k do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 58 metre ve kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 66 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde bir dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklindeydi. Duvar, g\u00fcne\u015fte kurutulmu\u015f kerpi\u00e7 tu\u011flalardan in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,8 metre derinli\u011finde ta\u015ftan bir temel \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7at\u0131 5,6 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ta\u015flar da zemine serpi\u015ftirilmi\u015fti ve palmiye yapraklar\u0131 hal\u0131 g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca \u00fc\u00e7 kap\u0131 daha eklenerek toplam kap\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 yeni kap\u0131:<\/p>\n Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) ayr\u0131ca her Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc ve her Ramazan ay\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcts\u00fcy\u00fc de tan\u0131tt\u0131. Buna ek olarak, avlunun do\u011fu taraf\u0131nda Butayha olarak bilinen ve insanlar\u0131n ibadet fiillerinden ayr\u0131 d\u00fcnyevi i\u015flerini tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ve \u015fiir okumalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan bir alan olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n \u00d6nceki yap\u0131dan kalan s\u00fctunlar, minber ve mihrap, Hz. \u00d6mer’in kapsaml\u0131 onar\u0131m\u0131na ra\u011fmen eski \u015fekliyle bozulmadan b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde Medine’nin n\u00fcfusu ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumu h\u0131zla art\u0131yordu. \u015eehrin kendisi h\u0131zla geni\u015fliyordu ve bir dizi yeni bina in\u015fa ediliyordu. Hicri 23-36 (MS 644-656) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda halifelik yapan Osman bin Affan (r.a.), bir\u00e7ok ileri gelenler ki\u015fiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra geni\u015fleyen cemaati bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla camiyi daha da geni\u015fletme karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Hicri 29 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Rebi\u00fclevvel ay\u0131nda (Miladi 649), yani bir \u00f6nceki geni\u015fletmenin Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden 12 y\u0131l sonra, Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin yeni geli\u015ftirme program\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Cami y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ve tamamlanmas\u0131 10 ay s\u00fcren yepyeni bir yap\u0131 in\u015fa edildi. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar 30 Muharrem’de (MS 650) tamamland\u0131. Hz. Osman mescidin in\u015faat faaliyetlerine bizzat kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yeni mescit kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 81 metre ve do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya 63 metre \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklinde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Caminin yap\u0131m\u0131nda daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzemeler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n Kap\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve isimleri ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak konumlar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de bat\u0131 duvar\u0131ndaki Bab-\u0131 Selam ve Bab-\u0131 Rahme etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck renovasyona ra\u011fmen caminin orijinal d\u00fczeni korunmu\u015ftur. Peygamber’in Mihrab\u0131 (dua ni\u015fi) gibi Minber de ayn\u0131 konumda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, imam\u0131n namaz k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kuzey duvar\u0131na yeni bir mihrap in\u015fa edilerek daha fazla ibadet alan\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) mihrab\u0131 art\u0131k kullan\u0131lm\u0131yordu ve bundan sonra du’a alan\u0131nda duruyordu.<\/p>\n Caminin toplam alan\u0131 art\u0131k 5094 metrekarenin \u00fczerindeydi. Caminin \u00f6n taraf\u0131na (g\u00fcney taraf\u0131na) yap\u0131lan eklenti, bu tarafa yap\u0131lan son eklentidir. Bug\u00fcne kadar bunun \u00f6tesinde ba\u015fka bir geni\u015fletme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Birinci \u0130slami y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda, Hicri 86-96 (MS 705-715) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Emevi Hanedan\u0131n\u0131n halifesi Velid bin Abd\u00fclmelik (r.a.), Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’yi kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geni\u015fletmi\u015f ve yenilemi\u015ftir. Mescit, nispeten basit bir binadan, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir an\u0131ta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n \u0130lgin\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde, I. Velid’e Bizans imparatorunun yard\u0131m etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir; \u015eeyh\u00fc’l-\u0130slam \u0130bn Kudame el-Makdisi’ye (r.a.) g\u00f6re, yenileme i\u00e7in 40 Romal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve 40 K\u0131pti i\u015f\u00e7inin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra alt\u0131n ve mozaik \u00e7iniler g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli camiler de bu d\u00f6nemde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir; bunlar aras\u0131nda Kud\u00fcs’teki Kubbet\u00fc’s-Sahra, Mescid-i Aksa ve \u015eam Ulu Camii (Emevi Camii olarak da bilinir) bulunur.<\/p>\n Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin bu d\u00f6nemdeki yenilenmesine, Hz. Osman (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00f6nceki yenilemeden 59 y\u0131l sonra, Hicri 88 (Miladi 708) y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Renovasyon, Hz. \u00d6mer’in torununun torunu olan d\u00f6nemin Medine valisi \u00d6mer bin Abd\u00fclaziz (r.a.) taraf\u0131ndan denetleniyordu. Hicri 91 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Miladi 711) \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler onar\u0131m\u0131n Hicri 93 (Miladi 713) y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131na inanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mescit art\u0131k yamuk (\u00fc\u00e7genimsi d\u00f6rtgen) \u015feklindeydi ve uzunlu\u011fu 100 metrenin biraz \u00fczerindeydi. Caminin t\u00fcm cepheleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Kuzey ve g\u00fcney duvarlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 68 metre ve 59 metrenin biraz \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Caminin toplam alan\u0131 \u015fu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.440 metrekareyi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir dizi \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131ld\u0131:<\/p>\n Hicri 159-169 (Miladi 775-785) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren Abbasi hanedan\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc halifesi Ebu Abdullah Muhammed el-Mehdi (r.a.), caminin kuzey taraf\u0131n\u0131 (arka taraf) yakla\u015f\u0131k 27 metre geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. Bu onar\u0131m, bir \u00f6nceki onar\u0131mdan 70 y\u0131l sonra, Hicri 161-165 (Miladi 779-783) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Halife, Hicri 160 (Miladi 777) y\u0131l\u0131nda Hac farizas\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirdikten ve Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’yi ziyaret ettikten sonra caminin geni\u015fletilmesine karar vermi\u015ftir. Cafer ibn S\u00fcleyman’\u0131 (r.a.) geni\u015fletme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 denetlemekle g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Geni\u015fleme projesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 2500 metrelik bir alan\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Caminin toplam alan\u0131 \u015fu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k 8.890 metrekareyi kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6nde gelen sahabelere ait birka\u00e7 ev de bu d\u00f6nemde caminin i\u00e7ine dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Bu sahabeler aras\u0131nda<\/p>\n Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee, ilki Hicri 1 Ramazan 654’te (Miladi 1256) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yang\u0131nlar nedeniyle iki kez b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tahrip olmu\u015ftur. Bu durumda yang\u0131na bir mum ya da kandil neden olmu\u015ftur. Yang\u0131n perdelere, hal\u0131lara, seccadelere s\u0131\u00e7ram\u0131\u015f ve sonunda t\u00fcm mescidi sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Osman’\u0131n orijinal mushaf\u0131 bu yang\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda yok olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu olaydan sonra bir dizi M\u00fcsl\u00fcman lider mescidin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlardan ilki, Ba\u011fdat’tan malzeme ve ustalar g\u00f6nderen Abbasi halifesi Mustas\u0131m Billah’t\u0131 (rahimahullah). Onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Hicri 655 (Miladi 1257) y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ancak ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Mo\u011follar\u0131n Abbasi Halifeli\u011finin ba\u015fkenti Ba\u011fdat’\u0131 istila ve i\u015fgal etmesiyle kesintiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Caminin baz\u0131 alanlar\u0131 temizlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yang\u0131n sonucunda Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.v.) kabrinin \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen enkaz hala duruyordu. Hz. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) kabrinin etraf\u0131na ah\u015faptan ge\u00e7ici bir \u00e7at\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve birka\u00e7 kat bez \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bir\u00e7ok Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131, cami \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131, bunlar aras\u0131nda Mansur Nureddin Ali (rahimahullah) ve Seyfeddin Kutuz (rahimahullah) bulunuyordu, ancak camiye gereken ilginin g\u00f6sterilip\u00a0 kapsaml\u0131 bir restorenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 668 Hicri y\u0131l\u0131nda (1279 Miladi) I. Baybars’\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmeti d\u00f6neminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir..<\/p>\n Sultan Baybars (rahimahullah), Peygamberimizin (s.a.v.) t\u00fcrbesi ve Fat\u0131ma’n\u0131n (r.a.) evinin bulundu\u011fu odan\u0131n etraf\u0131na y\u00fcksek ah\u015fap bir muhafaza in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir ki Medine’ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ziyaret s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri bizzat ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Ravza’n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren bu muhafaza, daha sonraki bir a\u015famada metal ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hala Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Sultan ayr\u0131ca camiye yeni bir minber de ekletmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hicri 678 (Miladi 1279) y\u0131l\u0131nda, Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131 Mansur Kalavun’un (rahimahullah) saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda, Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.v.) t\u00fcrbesinin \u00fczerine ilk kez bir kubbe in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kubbe orijinal olarak ah\u015faptan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve boyanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonraki bir a\u015famada mescidin tavan\u0131nda da onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n Hicri 886’da (Miladi 1481) Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu yok eden bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesinin ard\u0131ndan meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Karanl\u0131k ve f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 bir gecede, Muezzin yats\u0131 namaz\u0131 i\u00e7in ezan okumaya gitti\u011finde minareye bir y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fer ve y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olur. M\u00fcezzin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve caminin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131nda yang\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131. Mescidin tamam\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede alevler i\u00e7inde kald\u0131 ve bu alevler yak\u0131ndaki evlere de s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Medine halk\u0131 yang\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131m etmek ve koruyabildiklerini korumak i\u00e7in mescide ko\u015ftular. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu yang\u0131n sonucunda birden \u00e7ok ki\u015fi vefat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hicri 873 – 904 (Miladi 1468 – 1498) y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren 18. M\u0131s\u0131r Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131 Sultan E\u015fref Kaytbay (rahimahullah), mescidi restore etme g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Selefleri gibi, caminin bak\u0131m sorumlulu\u011fu onun i\u00e7in de b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Asl\u0131nda caminin yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Hicri 881’de (Miladi 1476) ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, caminin t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini yeniden in\u015fa etmi\u015f, Ravda’y\u0131 yenilemi\u015f, tavanlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bir \u00f6nceki yang\u0131ndan sonra duvarlar\u0131nda \u00e7atlaklar olu\u015fan Peygamber’in (s.a.a) t\u00fcrbesiyle ilgilenmi\u015ftir. Ancak, ikinci yang\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm bu s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma geri al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Yang\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar hemen ba\u015flad\u0131, Sultan’\u0131n adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yleydi. Caminin yenilenmesi i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r’dan y\u00fczlerce duvar ustas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra malzeme, ekipman ve para g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bildirildi. Kapsaml\u0131 bir liste olmamakla birlikte, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Sultan’\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n Ana minare ve kubbedeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Hicri 891 (Miladi 1486) y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam etmesine ra\u011fmen, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Hicri 888 (Miladi 1483) y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ramazan ay\u0131nda tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00f6revine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olan sultan, hac\u0131lar i\u00e7in lojman ve \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in bir okul da in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011frencilere burslar verilmi\u015f ve mescit kompleksinin bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in bir vak\u0131f kurulmu\u015ftur. Bunlar Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin bat\u0131 duvar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda, Bab al-Salam ile Bab al-Rahmah aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca bir hamam, bir un de\u011firmeni ve Medine’deki yoksullara d\u00fczenli olarak yemek sa\u011flayan bir mutfak in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n Sultan ayr\u0131ca Mekke’deki Mescid-i Haram ve Kud\u00fcs’teki Mescid-i Aksa’n\u0131n yenileme progRamlar\u0131na sponsor olmu\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli camilerin yenileme projelerini desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Caminin yeniden in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Sultan’\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli giri\u015fimlerin maliyeti o d\u00f6nemin para birimi ile 120.000 alt\u0131n dinar\u0131n \u00fczerindedir. Kurumlar\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k harcamalar\u0131 da her y\u0131l M\u0131s\u0131r’dan para g\u00f6nderen Sultan taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Cami, genel olarak, daha \u00f6nce oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tadilat ve onar\u0131mlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 387 y\u0131l boyunca bu \u015fekilde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hicri 923’te (Miladi 1517) M\u0131s\u0131r’daki Meml\u00fck hanedan\u0131n\u0131n hakimiyetinin sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan caminin bak\u0131m sorumlulu\u011fu Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu halifelerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131lar mescide b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Hicri 947 (Miladi 1540) y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman (rahimahullah) taraf\u0131ndan bir dizi yenileme yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n Hicri 1228 (Miladi 1813) y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun 30. Padi\u015fah\u0131 Sultan II. Mahmud (rahimahullah) yeni bir kubbenin in\u015fas\u0131na nezaret etmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce Sultan Kay\u0131tbay taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6nceki kubbe y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p kur\u015funla kapl\u0131 tu\u011flalardan yeni bir kubbe yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz kubbe budur, ancak ye\u015fil renk, halefi Sultan I. Abd\u00fclmecid d\u00f6nemine kadar uygulanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun 31. Padi\u015fah\u0131 Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid (rahimahullah) taraf\u0131ndan, Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k belirtileri g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan en kapsaml\u0131 restorasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Medine Valisi \u015eeyh Davud Pa\u015fa (rahimahullah), caminin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen durumu hakk\u0131nda Sultan’a bir mektupla bilgi vermi\u015f, bunun \u00fczerine Sultan, durumu de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere \u0130stanbul’dan m\u00fchendisler g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra m\u00fchendisler Sultan’a caminin yenilenmeye ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirdiler. Sultan, in\u015fa program\u0131n\u0131 Hicri 1265 (Miladi 1848) y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00fczlerce yetenekli mimar, m\u00fchendis, marangoz ve ta\u015f ustas\u0131, Hicri 1278 (Miladi 1861) y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, yani 13 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere \u0130stanbul’dan Medine’ye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Medine’ye vard\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fchendisler uygun yap\u0131 malzemeleri aramaya koyuldular. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca yap\u0131 malzemesi, duvarlarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere Vadi el-Harra’da bulunan sert siyah ta\u015flar ve \u015fehrin bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Vadi el-Akik yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki tepelerden elde edilen akik ta\u015f\u0131na benzeyen daha yumu\u015fak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ta\u015flard\u0131. Tu\u011flalar burada \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, kesilir ve cilalan\u0131r sonra hayvanlar \u00fczerinde camiye ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00fcre\u00e7 boyunca Sultan geli\u015fmeleri izledi ve el\u00e7ilerinden geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda kendisine rapor vermelerini istedi.<\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar caminin kuzey taraf\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve eski yap\u0131 yeni binaya yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yava\u015f yava\u015f y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Bu i\u015flem, halka en az rahats\u0131zl\u0131k verecek \u015fekilde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Caminin bat\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki zemin seviyesi mescidin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan daha y\u00fcksekti ve daha sonra d\u00fczle\u015ftirildi. Geli\u015ftirme projesi, Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) kabri, minberi ve mihrab\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 mihrab\u0131, Sultan S\u00fcleyman’\u0131n mihrab\u0131 ve caminin g\u00fcneydo\u011fu k\u00f6\u015fesindeki minare d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mescidin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Yap\u0131 malzemesi<\/strong><\/p>\n Duvar\u0131n alt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ta\u015ftan in\u015fa edilirken, kemerler ve kubbeler kil ve s\u00f6nmemi\u015f kire\u00e7ten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tu\u011flalardan in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kap\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00f6rt orijinal kap\u0131 korunmu\u015f ve Sultan’\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan B\u00e2b-\u0131 Mecid\u00ee olarak bilinen be\u015finci bir kap\u0131 caminin kuzey taraf\u0131na eklenmi\u015ftir. Bu kap\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Bab-\u00fct-Tevess\u00fcl (\u015eefaat Kap\u0131s\u0131) olarak da bilinirdi.<\/p>\n Minareler<\/strong><\/p>\n Caminin kuzey taraf\u0131na, yang\u0131nda hasar g\u00f6ren ah\u015fap minarenin yerine yeni bir minare in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Bundan sonra toplam be\u015f minare olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Avlu<\/strong><\/p>\n Peygamber’in k\u0131z\u0131 Fat\u0131ma’n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bah\u00e7eye su sa\u011flayan bir kuyu avluya eklenmi\u015ftir. Avluda siyah ta\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mescidin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Caminin kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bir medrese ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131 da eklenmi\u015ftir. Caminin g\u00fcneyindeki ibadet alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Abdest alma alan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Mescidin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Bab-\u0131 Cibril ile Bab-\u0131 Nisa aras\u0131nda bir abdest alma alan\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kubbeler<\/strong><\/p>\n Her biri e\u015fit b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kubbe eklenmi\u015ftir. Kubbelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kur\u015funla kapl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Dekorasyonlar<\/strong><\/p>\n Yeni yap\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve zerafeti benzersizdi. Zeminin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ve g\u00fcney duvar\u0131n\u0131n alt yar\u0131s\u0131 mermerle kapl\u0131yd\u0131. Ta\u015f s\u00fctunlar ve kemerler, Vadi el-Akik’ten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ve caminin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan yumu\u015fak k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131 and\u0131ran k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir tonda boyanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ravza b\u00f6lgesindeki s\u00fctunlar k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve beyaz mermerlerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Her bir s\u00fctunun \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcslemek i\u00e7in s\u0131v\u0131 alt\u0131n kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) hayat\u0131 boyunca in\u015fa etti\u011fi caminin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, tabanlar\u0131 pirin\u00e7le (ala\u015f\u0131m) kapl\u0131 s\u00fctunlar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki duvarda vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Caminin etraf\u0131ndaki duvarlar ve kubbelerin i\u00e7i, Kuran’dan ayetler, Peygamber’e (s.a.v.) \u00f6vg\u00fc \u015fiirleri ve Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) isimleri ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra benzersiz desenlerle zarif bir \u015fekilde dekore edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar, bu i\u015fi yapmak \u00fczere \u0130stanbul’dan \u00f6zel olarak g\u00f6nderilen usta Osmanl\u0131 hattat\u0131 Abdullah Z\u00fchdi Efendi (rahimahullah) taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fczel bir Arap hatt\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6revi tamamlamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Hat sanat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu caminin g\u00fcney (k\u0131ble) duvar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra H\u00fccre-i Saadet’in \u00e7evresinde ve kubbelerin i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcney duvar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan hat sanat\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de tek bir hattat taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 itibariyle b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla d\u00fcnyada t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu duvardaki son (d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc) sat\u0131rda yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan hat yaz\u0131s\u0131 Peygamber Efendimiz’in (s.a.v.) 201 isim ve s\u0131fat\u0131ndan olu\u015furken, di\u011fer sat\u0131rlarda Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’den \u00e7e\u015fitli ayetler yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hicri 1277 tarihinde Zilhicce ay\u0131nda (Haziran 1861) tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Sultan E\u015fref Kay\u0131tbay taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131lan caminin taban alan\u0131na 1293 metrekare daha eklenerek toplam alan\u0131 4056 metrekareye y\u00fckselmi\u015f olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcney taraf\u0131 86,25 metre, kuzey taraf\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi ise 66 metre olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Caminin kuzeyden g\u00fcneye uzunlu\u011fu, 116,25 (veya 126,25) metreyi bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid camiyi yenilerken \u00e7ok titiz davranm\u0131\u015f, caminin kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131 duymu\u015ftur. Mescitte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ilenlerin Haf\u0131z (Kuran’\u0131 ezberleyenler) olmas\u0131 gerekiyordu ve \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun sundu\u011fu en iyi ustalar taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitiliyorlard\u0131. Mescitte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bu zanaatk\u00e2rlara her zaman abdestli olmalar\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli Kur’an okumalar\u0131 emredilirdi.<\/p>\n Caminin in\u015fas\u0131na 350’den fazla in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131 ve ustan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ok say\u0131da m\u00fchendis, mimar ve din g\u00f6revlisi kat\u0131ld\u0131. Toplam 700.000 Mecidi Liraya (alt\u0131n – d\u00f6nemin Osmanl\u0131 para birimi) mal olmu\u015ftur, ancak bu rakama in\u015faat malzemeleri, nakliye ve y\u00f6netim masraflar\u0131 dahil de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Ne yaz\u0131k ki Sultan, camiye son r\u00f6tu\u015flar yap\u0131l\u0131rken vefat etti, ancak miras\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar kald\u0131. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra ve asl\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi boyunca, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar taraf\u0131ndan mescide elmas, inci, yakut ve di\u011fer de\u011ferli ta\u015flar gibi hediyeler ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Sultan’\u0131n halefleri sonraki birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l boyunca caminin bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bir Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstlenilen son \u00f6nemli i\u015f, Medine valisi ve ger\u00e7ek Peygamber a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 Fahri Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n (rahimahullah) Hicri 1336’da (1917) Peygamber’in mihrab\u0131n\u0131 ve S\u00fcleyman’\u0131n mihrab\u0131n\u0131 tamir ettirmesidir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar s\u00fcren sonraki d\u00f6nemde yine genel onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid’in restorasyonu, Kral Abd\u00fclaziz y\u00f6netimindeki Suudi rejimi iddial\u0131 bir geni\u015fleme program\u0131na giri\u015fene kadar 89 y\u0131l boyunca kendini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n MS 1932’de Suudi Arabistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck Suudi geni\u015fletmesi Suudi Arabistan’\u0131n ilk Kral\u0131 Kral Abd\u00fclaziz taraf\u0131ndan emredilmi\u015ftir. Bu geni\u015fletme, \u00f6zellikle Hac mevsiminde camiyi ziyaret edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa yan\u0131t olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, caminin yap\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7atlaklar da fark edilmi\u015ftir. MS 1949’da (Hicri 1368) camiyi geni\u015fletme niyetini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131ktan iki y\u0131l sonra,5 Ekim 1951’de (Hicri 1370) in\u015faat ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Medine’nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Abyar Ali’de bir mozaik fabrikas\u0131 kuruldu ve burada bir grup \u0130talyan m\u00fchendis yeniden in\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netti. Gayrim\u00fcslim olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehre giremiyorlard\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden \u015fehrin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bulunuyorlard\u0131. Fabrikadan Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’ye mermer ve di\u011fer yap\u0131 malzemeleri g\u00f6nderildi. 30.000 tondan fazla in\u015faat malzemesi de Yanbu liman\u0131ndan ara\u00e7larla \u015fehre ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n Geni\u015fletme \u00f6ncelikle caminin kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 kanatlar\u0131 da biraz geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Caminin biti\u015fi\u011findeki arazi sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131 ve geni\u015fletmeye yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in binalar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee, geni\u015fletmenin ard\u0131ndan dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015fekline geri d\u00f6nerek caminin 640 y\u0131ll\u0131k yamuk tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tek bir avluyla sonland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Yeni yap\u0131 betonarme olarak in\u015fa edilmi\u015f ve 274 kare s\u00fctun ile 232 yuvarlak s\u00fctun taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015ftir. Oyma yapay ta\u015flarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklik unsurlar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n Peygamber (s.a.v.) ile ili\u015fkilendirilen \u00f6nemli tarihi unsurlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren caminin g\u00fcney b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunmu\u015ftur. Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) H\u00fccre-i saadeti, Peygamber’in (s.a.v.) mihrab\u0131, minberi, Ravza’s\u0131 ve tarihi s\u00fctunlar\u0131 da buna dahildir. Ye\u015fil kubbe ve ana minareye de dokunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Caminin in\u015fas\u0131 toplam be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 70 milyon Suudi Riyali’ne mal olmu\u015ftur. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131n kendisi i\u00e7in 30 milyon Riyal, arazi al\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de 40 milyon Riyal harcanarak toplam 70 milyon Riyale (18,5 milyon dolara e\u015fde\u011fer) ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Geni\u015fleme resmi olarak 5 Rebi\u00fc’l-Evvel 1375 (Ekim 1956) tarihinde tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cami bu haliyle\u00a0 kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 128 metre ve do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya 91 metre uzunlu\u011funa ermi\u015ftir. Geni\u015fletilen alan\u0131n toplam b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 6024 metrekare olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve caminin toplam alan\u0131 16.326 metrekareye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu anda 28,000 ibadet\u00e7iyi a\u011f\u0131rlayabilmektedir.<\/p>\n Modern altyap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131, seyahat etmenin daha kolay hale gelmesi ve konaklama imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, 1960’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Mekke ve Medine’ye giden hac\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden oldu. 1970’li y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 bir milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan yenilemeye ra\u011fmen Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kalabal\u0131\u011fa neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arayan Kral Faysal, Hicri 1393 (Miladi 1973) y\u0131l\u0131nda caminin bat\u0131 taraf\u0131na bir ibadet alan\u0131 in\u015fa edilmesini emretmi\u015ftir. Caminin o taraf\u0131ndaki arazi sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131 ve binalar y\u0131k\u0131larak 35.000 metrekarelik bir alana sahip korunakl\u0131 bir ibadet b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc in\u015fa edildi. Proje 50 milyon Suudi Riyali’ne (13,5 milyon $) mal olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k daha fazla ibadet\u00e7i a\u011f\u0131rlanabilse de, bu d\u00fczenleme sadece ge\u00e7iciydi ve daha kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gerekiyordu. Bu korunakl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm on y\u0131l sonra Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin Suudiler taraf\u0131ndan ikinci kez geni\u015fletilmesiyle kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n[S\u00fcnen-i \u0130bn Mace’de rivayet edilir]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\nMescid-i Nebev\u00ee’nin Tarih\u00e7esi<\/h2>\n
Kurulu\u015f – HS 1 (MS 622)<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi-1.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi-plan.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n
\n[Sahih-i Buhari’de rivayet edilmi\u015ftir]<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n
Peygamberimiz (s.a.v.) Taraf\u0131ndan Hicri 7 (Miladi 628) Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130lk Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi15.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi-plan2.jpg\")
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<\/a><\/p>\nHz. Ebu Bekir’in Halifeli\u011fi<\/h3>\n
Hicri 17 (Miladi 639) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Hz. \u00d6mer Taraf\u0131ndan Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u0130kinci Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
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Hz. Osman taraf\u0131ndan Hicri 29 (Miladi 649) y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
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Hicri 88 (Miladi 708) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Emevi Halifesi I. Velid Taraf\u0131ndan Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
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Abbasi Halifesi Mehd\u00ee T<\/span><\/strong><\/span>araf\u0131ndan Hicri 161 (Miladi 779) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Be\u015finci Geni\u015fletme<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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Hicri 654 (Miladi 1256) Y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u0130lk B\u00fcy\u00fck Yang\u0131ndan Sonra Restorasyon<\/h3>\n
Peygamber’in Kabrinin \u00dczerine Hicri 678 (Miladi 1279) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Kubbe Eklenmesi<\/h3>\n
Hicri 886 (Miladi 1481) Y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u0130kinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Yang\u0131ndan Sonra, Meml\u00fck Sultan\u0131 E\u015fref Kay\u0131tbay Taraf\u0131ndan Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Alt\u0131nc\u0131 Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 I. S\u00fcleyman Taraf\u0131ndan Hicri 947 (Miladi 1540) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Yenilenme<\/h3>\n
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Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 II. Mahmud taraf\u0131ndan Hicri 1228 (Miladi 1813) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yeni Kubbenin \u0130n\u015fas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Hicri 1265 (Miladi 1848) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 I. Abd\u00fclmecid Taraf\u0131ndan Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Yedinci Geni\u015fletme<\/h3>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi-6-1024x575.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hajjumrahplanner.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/masjid-nabawi-plan6-abdlmejidi.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\nKral Abd\u00fclaziz’in Hicri 1370 (Miladi 1951) Y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u0130lk B\u00fcy\u00fck Suudi Geni\u015fletmesi<\/h3>\n
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Suudi Kral\u0131 Faysal Taraf\u0131ndan Hicri 1393 (Miladi 1973) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Korunaklar<\/h3>\n
Kral Fehd’in 1406 (MS 1985) Y\u0131l\u0131nda Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u0130kinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Suudi Geni\u015fletmesi<\/h3>\n